Cylinder construction



Aug. 15, 1950 1'. E. HUHTALA CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 18, 1946 INVENTOR. B TAITO E. HUHTALA BY A ATTORNEY k v Patented Aug. 15, 1950 CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION Taito E. Huhtala, South Lyon, Mich, assignor to Vickers Incorporated, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Application January 18, 1946, Serial No. 641,961

This invention relates to power transmissions, particularly to those of the type comprising two or more fluid pressure energy translating devices, one of which may function as a pump and another as a fluid motor.

The invention is concerned generally with fluid motors of the type comprising a hollow cylinder in which is reciprocably mounted-a piston connected to which is a piston rod and provided with ports connected to opposite sides of the piston. In the past, it has been customary to cap the ends of the cylinder by connecting head members thereto in one of several ways, such as by welding, by threading a head member over the ends of the cylinder, or by providing an abutment member on the outside wall of the .cylinder, against which a cap or head member is either threaded or locked.

The invention is more particularly concerned with cylinder and reciprocating piston fluid motors of the type having ports which alternately act as inlet and discharge ports located at one end of the motor.

It is an object of this invention to provide a novel method of capping the ends of a fluid motor of the above types by providing abutment members stationarily mounted within the cylinder,

mounting closure members within the cylinder,

and capping the ends of the cylinder by locking head members to the closure members in such a manner that the capping members are held in abutment against the cylinder, and the closure members against the internally mounted abutment members.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved motor of this type by mounting two sleeves concentrically to each other so as to form anannular passage between the sleeves which is connected to one side of a piston reciprocably mounted in the inner sleeve and connecting one port to the opposite side of the piston and another port to the annular passage. I

It is also an object of this invention to provide a motor of this type by concentrically mounting two hollow sleeves open at both ends in end caps containing stepped bores extending completely through the cap, closing said bores and cylinders at both ends thereof by a closure member mounted within the inner cylinder and locking the end cap to the closure member.

It is a further object to provide a motor of this type of improved and more rugged, compact, and reliable construction which is light in weight and capable of satisfactory operation over a long useful life.

7 Claims. (Cl. 309-2) Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing wherein a preferred form of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawing: e

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a preferred-form of the invention taken along line I-l of Figure 5.

Figure 2 is an end view of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a plan view of a housing containing control mechanisms shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred form of the present invention taken along line '5-5 of Figure 2.

Referring now to Figure 5, there is illustrated, a fluid motor l0 comprising an inner sleeve l2 in which is reciprocably mounted a piston Hi to which is suitably connected a rod l6. There is also shown an outer sleeve l8 concentrically mounted together with inner sleeve l2 within stepped bores 20 of a right end cap 22 and a combined left end cap and control valve housing 24. The outer sleeve I8 is mounted on steps 26 of bores 20 with the extreme ends abutting shoulders 28, and inner sleeve I2 is mounted on steps 30 of said bore with the extreme ends of said sleeve abutting shoulders 32 also formed within bores 20 of the end caps 22 and 24. Inner sleeve I2 is provided with interior grooves 34 located near each end of the sleeve in which are placed snap rings 36 which abut against shoulders 38 of closure members 40 mounted within sleeve l2 at each end thereof and which have threaded portions 42 extending from the sleeve l2 through the bores 20 of end caps 22 and 24.

A bolt 44 threaded into end cap 22 and extending through sleeve 12 into the right end of closure member 40, prevents rotational movement of end cap 22 relative to sleeve l2. -Mountingflanges 46 mounted on extended portions 42 of closure members 40, are suitably bolted to end caps 22 and 24. Lock nuts 48 are threaded over extended portion 42 of right end closure member 4|] looking the closure member 40 against the snap rings 36. A ring bolt 50 is threaded into right end closure member 40 and secured to the latter by means of a lock nut 52, said ring bolt being adaptable for anchoring the motor l0.

Piston rod I6 is shiftable through a sleeve 54 inserted in stepped bore 20' of end cap 24, a scraper ring 56 and a retainer cap 58 for said ring, connected to the extended portion 42 of left end closure member 48. A lock nut 58--togethe r end cap 24and extending into left end closurecap 24 relative to member 48.- A housing portion 8| of end cap 24 contains a motor port 82 which is connected to the left side of piston l4 by means of a passage 84 in said housing, which is connected to said motor port and to a recessed port 88 in the left end closure member 48, the recessed port 88 being in. com-- munication with stepped bore 28. Another motor 1 port 88 (Figures 2 and'4)'is connected to a n It shouldbe noted, however-, that, where a simple cylinder and reciprocalxpiston motor of the vtim having two poi-ts located at one end of the motor is desired,;it is a simplematter to provide-a housing for the-left end of motor I8 member 48, prevents rotational movement of end containing' cylinder ports directly connected to the left end ofpiston l4, and-to the right .end ne oisa d mm to e- ;annular passage ll.

thereof by connecting It should be noted that-, bymounting closure members 48 within. the inner-i sleeve l 2,

and providing theginternalvsnaprings 1380s an i abutment-therefor,"theinner and outer sleeves annular passage 18 formed between the inner)- and outer sleeves l2 and I8 by means of a pas- 1 sage 12, whichis connected to port 88 and'tqapassage I4, the latter passage intersecting bore 88 and also a groove connectedto annular passage 18. Annular passage 18 is connected to theright side of piston M by means of ports -;l8

. located in the right endof sleeve [2 which are in communication with ports I8 in the right end closure member 48 which open to stepped bore. 28 of said closure member.

The motor port 82 is connectedto a longitudi- 1 nal bore 88 of the'housing portion of end cap 24,

. l.2 'and l8 may-be-simplyimounted in the end caps 1 15 22 and 24 andthe total assenibly'offthe sleeves, closure members-3nd end caprmay be -easily ,secured in assembled position bythe useof lock nutsqthreaded-ron theQiextendedmortion's- 42 of fclosurefime'mbers" tionl as herein constitutes a preferred form,'-it .is-toibe that other-forms by means of a-passage 8| which intersects passage 84. Motor port 88 is connected to bore 88 by means of passages 12 and 14. Mounted within how 88 is a control valve member 82 normally biased to a closed position'against a seat member 84 by means of pressure fluid exerted againstthe-right side of member 82. Pressure fluid may enter the bore 88 by means of a pressure port 88 1 connected to the right end of said bore:

By connecting a source of pressure to the pressure port 88, the valve 82 will be shifted to the left, but by venting the pressure port 88, pressure fluid entering either motor ports 82 or 88 will be by-passed around the motor. When pressure port 88 is vented, pressure fluid entering motor port 82 will shift valve 82 rightwardly unseating the same to permit fluid to be by-passed through seat member 84 into passage 14, and from seat member to passagelz and through port 88. If pressure fluid is directed to motor port 88 and pressure port 88 is vented, pressure fluid will be by-passed through port 82 by means of passage 14, seat member 84, and passage 84. Referring to Figure 3, duplicate relief valves 88 and 98 are mounted in stepped bores 82 and 84, respectively, in the housing portion of end cap 24 which are connected to passages 84 and 12, respectively, by means of passages 8i and 14, respectively, for the purpose of relieving excessive pressure fluidin either passage.

Motor I8 is particularly adaptable to aircraft automaticpilot systems wherein a four-way control valve, not shown, may be connected to a source of pressure anda reservoir and also connected to the cylinder ports 82 and 88 of motor I8. Thus, with a source of pressure in the sysrightwardly by pressure fluid'in either passage 8| or passage 14 so as to by-pass motor I, and inactivate the same.

might be; adopt d, "all wining-- within the: seepefoiIthe claimswhich-follov'v. 525

What is claimed isas i'ollows:

3 A fluid motor comprising iahollow cylinder, ia-piston reciprocablymounted within the cylin der, spaced apart rlngmember's; stationarily mounted within the cylinder}. a pair or closure members. inountedwithin the cylinder at each I end;.thereof. -andabutting the ring members, said closure members each'having'a portionextending from thecylinden aflpair of end caps having stepped bores mounted on the extended portions of the closure --membersj andwithin' which the cylinder mounted, and locking. means con-- nected to the. ,extendedJportionsholding the closure member-sin abutment against the ring members. 1 v

, 2. Afluid motor 'comprislng a hollow cylinder,

"a pistongconnected to whichlis aipiston rod reciprocably mounted within the-cylinder, spacedapart ring members stationarily mounted within the cylinder, 6. pair: ofclosure members, one of which contains a-bore through which the pistonrod is shiftable,mounted within the cylinder at each end thereof and abutting the ring-members, said closure members each having aportiol'i extending from the cylinder, a pair of end caps having stepped bores mounted on". the extended portions of the closure .members and within which the cylinder is mounted, and locking means connected to the extended portions holding the closure members in abutment against the ring members.

3. A fluid motor comprising a cylinder having a longitudinal bore open at both ends, a piston connectedto which is a piston rod reciprocably mounted in the bore, a pair of ring members stationarily mounted within the bore near each end thereof, a pair of closure members, one of which contains a bore through which the piston rod is shiftably mounted, within the cylinder bore at each end thereof, said closure members each having a shoulder adapted to abut against the snap rings and each having a portion extending pair of closure members mounted in each end of the first cylinder bore, said closure members each having a portion extending from the cylinder bore, a pair of ring members stationarily mounted within the first cylinder bore and against which the closure members are adapted to abut, a pair of end caps having stepped bores and mounted on the extended portions of the closure members,

said first cylinder being mounted on steps and said second cylinder being mounted on other steps within the stepped bores of the ends of the end caps, an annular passage formed between the cylinders, means connected to the extended portions of the closure members holding the cylinders within the end caps and the first cylinder in abutment against the ring members, means forming a first and second port in one end cap, means connecting the first port to one 'end of the first cylinder bore, means connecting the annular passage to the opposite endof the first cylinder bore, and means connecting the second port to the annular passage.

5. A fluid motor comprising a first-hollow cylinder, a second hollow cylinder, a'pair of spaced apart ring members stationarily mounted within the first cylinder, a pair of closure members mounted within the first cylinder at each end thereof abutting the ring members, a pair of end caps having stepped bores abutting the extreme ends of the cylinders, said cylinders being mounted on steps of said bores, with the first cylinder within the second cylinder, means locking the end caps to the closure members to securely hold said caps in abutment against the ends of the cylinders and the closure members in abutment against the ring members, means forminga port in communication with one end of the first cylinder, and means forming another port in communication with the opposite end of the first cylinder.

6. A fluid motor comprising a first hollow cylinder, a second hollow cylinder, a pair of spaced 6 the first cylinder, 2. pair of closure members mounted within the first cylinder at each end thereof abutting the ring members, a pair of end caps having stepped bores abutting the extreme ends of the cylinders, said cylinders being mounted on steps of said bores, with the first cylinder within the second cylinder to form an annular passage between the cylinders, means locking the end caps to the closure members to securely hold said caps in abutment against the ends of the cylinders and the closure members in abutment against the ring members, means forming a port in commuication with one end of the first cylinder, means forming another port in communication with the annular passage, and means connecting the annular passage to the opposite end of the first cylinder.

apart ring members stationarily mounted within 7. A fluid motor comprising a first hollow cylinder, a second hollow cylinder, a pair of spaced apart ring members stationarily mounted within the first cylinder, 2. pair of closure members mounted within the first cylinder at each end thereof abutting the ring members, a pair of end caps having stepped bores abutting the extreme ends of the cylinders, said cylinders being mounted on steps of said bores, with the first cylinder within the second cylinder to form an annular passage between the cylinders, means locking th end caps to the closure members to securely hol said caps in abutment against the ends of the cylinders and the closure members in abutment against the ring members, means forming a port located near one end of the motor in communication with one end of the first cylinder, means forming another port near the same end of the motor in communication with the annular passage, and means connecting the annular passage to the opposite end of the first cylinder.

' TAITO E. HUHTALA.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Hurst Feb. 1, 1944 

